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Windows 10 can run on both, 32-bit and 64-bit hardware architectures. If you have a device running the 32-bit version, you can upgrade to the 64-bit version without purchasing a new license, but only when you have a compatible processor and enough memory. Also, there's not an in-place upgrade path to switch, which makes a clean installation of Windows 10 your only option.
Although you can access virtually the same features using either architecture, you'll notice the benefits of the 64-bit version when the device can handle large amounts of memory (up to 2TB), instead of only 4GB, which is the limitation with 32-bit.
The ability to use more memory enables you to run several apps at the same time while keeping the device responsive, and you can run 64-bit as well as 32-bit applications. Also, and perhaps more important, it'll improve your productivity on memory demanding tasks. For instance, when rendering videos, working with virtual machines and opening tons of tabs on your web browser.
In this Windows 10 guide, we'll walk you through the steps to properly upgrade your device from 32-bit to the 64-bit version of Windows.
How to check if PC supports 64-bit version of Windows 10
Windows 10 64-bit is only available on compatible hardware. If your device is currently running the 32-bit version, before planning the upgrade, you must find out if your machine includes a 64-bit processor, a minimum of 2GB of system memory, and whether the rest of the hardware has 64-bit driver support.
Verifying 64-bit compatibility using Settings
To tell if the processor on your device supports the 64-bit version of Windows 10 with the Settings app, use these steps:
If 'System type' reads 32-bit operating system, x64-based processor, then your computer is running the Windows 10 32-bit version on a 64-bit processor. On the other hand, if it reads 32-bit operating system, x86-based processor, then your device doesn't support the 64-bit version of Windows 10.
While in the 'About' page, it's also a good idea to check and make sure that the device has at least 2GB of memory, which is the minimum requirement to use 64-bit.
In the case that your device isn't capable of running a 64-bit version, you should consider purchasing a newer device that meets the minimum system requirements.
Verifying CPU compatibility using Coreinfo
Although newer devices are certainly capable of running any version of Windows 10, if you have a device with older hardware, you want to ensure the four essential features are present:
To check if the processor includes these features, you can use the Microsoft Coreinfo command line tool with these steps:
Once you complete the steps, you should know whether your processor can handle the upgrade to the 64-bit version of Windows 10.
The installation wizard should be able to detect any compatibility issues with the processor before proceeding with the installation, but the Coreinfo tool allows you to check these features ahead of time manually.
Verifying driver compatibility
In addition, it's a good idea to check if other components like graphics and sound cards are compatible with the 64-bit version of Windows 10.
If your computer is running a 32-bit version, but the hardware is only a few years old, there's a good chance that you'll find a 64-bit version of the drivers, but it's not always the case. To avoid surprises, it's recommended to check your device manufacturer support website to see if you can find 64-bit versions of the drivers.
How to upgrade from 32-bit to 64-bit version of Windows 10
While you're entitled to install the 32-bit or 64-bit version of Windows 10 with the same license, you can't perform an in-place upgrade. You must do a clean installation of Windows 10 to switch architectures.
Creating installation media
To perform a clean installation of Windows 10, you have to use the Media Creation Tool to create a USB bootable media. Connect a USB flash drive of at least 4GB of space to your computer, and then use these steps:
If you don't have a USB flash drive, you can find many reliable and inexpensive drives, such as the SanDisk 32GB USB drive, at Amazon.
Important: Starting with the May 2019 Update, Microsoft is updating the Media Creation Tool with some internal improvements and new color mode that uses a new light color scheme (instead of the purple color scheme). As a result, depending on when you're installing Windows 10, the tool may look different, but the steps outlined below are virtually the same.
After you complete the steps, the setup will download the required files, and it'll create the bootable media compatible with Windows 10 64-bit.
Installing Windows 10 64-bit
Once you have created the installation media, before you can proceed, you have to make sure that your device can start from USB. This means that you'll need to access the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) or Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) firmware on your motherboard to change the boot order as necessary.
Usually, this process requires hitting one of the function keys (F1, F2, F3, F10, or F12), the ESC, or Delete key as soon as you start the computer. The only caveat is that these settings will be different per manufacturer, and even by computer model. So make sure to check your device manufacturer's support website for more specific instructions.
While in the firmware interface, find the 'Boot' menu, and configure the boot order to start from the USB flash drive, and save the new changes.
To perform a clean installation of Windows 10, restart your computer with the bootable media, and then use these steps:
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Warning: This is a friendly reminder that you'll be making changes to your current installation, which can cause problems and even data loss if you don't do it correctly. It's recommended to make a temporary full backup of your PC before proceeding.
Once you complete the steps, the setup will proceed with the installation of Windows 10 64-bit. After multiple restarts, you'll have to continue with the on-screen directions to complete the out-of-box experience (OOBE) to create an account using a local or Microsoft account, set your preferences, and choose your desired privacy settings.
While in the desktop, it's a good idea to open the Windows Update settings page from the 'Update & Security' section inside the Settings app, and click the Check for updates button to install the latest security updates and missing drivers.
In the case that some of the drivers aren't available through Windows Update, use the manufacturer's support website to download the missing drivers. Then reinstall your applications, including those designed for the 32-bit or 64-bit version of Windows 10, and remember to restore your files from backup.
More Windows 10 resources
For more helpful articles, coverage, and answers to common questions about Windows 10, visit the following resources:
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In computing on Microsoft platforms, WoW64 (Windows 32-bit on Windows 64-bit) is a subsystem of the Windowsoperating system capable of running 32-bit applications on 64-bit Windows. It is included in all 64-bit versions of Windows—including Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, IA-64 and x64 versions of Windows Server 2003, as well as 64-bit versions of Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10. In Windows Server 2008 R2Server Core, it is an optional component, but not in Nano Server. WoW64 aims to take care of many of the differences between 32-bit Windows and 64-bit Windows, particularly involving structural changes to Windows itself.
Translation libraries[edit]
The WoW64 subsystem comprises a lightweight compatibility layer that has similar interfaces on all 64-bit versions of Windows. It aims to create a 32-bit environment that provides the interfaces required to run unmodified 32-bit Windows applications on a 64-bit system. WOW64 is implemented using several DLLs, some of which include: [1]
Other DLLs and binaries are included for Itanium and ARMv8 64-bit architectures to provide emulation to x86 or for 32-bit entry points if the architecture has a native 32-bit operating mode.
Architectures[edit]
Despite its outwardly similar appearance on all versions of 64-bit Windows, WoW64's implementation varies depending on the target instruction set architecture. For example, the version of 64-bit Windows developed for the IntelItanium 2 processor (known as the IA-64 architecture) uses
Wow64win.dll to set up the emulation of x86 instructions within the Itanium 2's unique instruction set. This emulation is a much more computationally expensive task than the Wow64win.dll 's functions on the x86-64 architecture, which switches the processor hardware from its 64-bit mode to compatibility mode when it becomes necessary to execute a 32-bit thread, and then handles the switch back to 64-bit mode.
Registry and file system[edit]
The WoW64 subsystem also handles other key aspects of running 32-bit applications. It is involved in managing the interaction of 32-bit applications with the Windows components such as the Registry, which has distinct keys for 64-bit and 32-bit applications. For example, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESoftwareWow6432Node is the 32-bit equivalent of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESoftware (although 32-bit applications are not aware of this redirection). Some Registry keys are mapped from 64-bit to their 32-bit equivalents, while others have their contents mirrored, depending on the edition of Windows.
The operating system uses the
%SystemRoot%system32 directory for its 64-bit library and executable files. This is done for backward compatibility reasons, as many legacy applications are hardcoded to use that path. When executing 32-bit applications, WoW64 transparently redirects 32-bit DLLs to %SystemRoot%SysWoW64 , which contains 32-bit libraries and executables. Exceptions from these redirects are[2]
32-bit applications are generally not aware that they are running on a 64-bit operating system. 32-bit applications can access
%SystemRoot%System32 through the pseudo directory %SystemRoot%sysnative .
There are two Program Files directories each visible to both 32-bit and 64-bit applications. The directory that stores the 32 bit files is called Program Files (x86) to differentiate between the two, while the 64 bit maintains the traditional Program Files name without any additional qualifier.
Application compatibility[edit]
32-bit applications that include only 32-bit kernel-mode device drivers, or that plug into the process space of components that are implemented purely as 64-bit processes (e.g. Windows Explorer) cannot be executed on a 64-bit platform.
32-bit service applications are supported. The SysWOW64 folder located in the Windows folder on the OS drive contains several applications to support 32-bit applications (e.g. cmd.exe, odbcad32.exe, to register ODBC connections for 32-bit applications). 16-bit legacy applications for MS-DOS and early versions of Windows are usually incompatible with 64-bit versions of Windows Vista, 7, 8, and 10, but can be run on a 16-bit or 32-bit Windows OS via Microsoft Virtual PC or DOSBox. 32-bit versions of Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, and 10 on the other hand, can usually run 16-bit applications with few to no problems. 16-bit applications cannot be directly run under x64 editions of Windows, because the CPU does not support VM86 mode when running in x64.
Internet Explorer is implemented as both a 32-bit and a 64-bit application because of the large number of 32-bit ActiveX components on the Internet that would not be able to plug into the 64-bit version. The 32-bit version is used by default and it is difficult and involved to set the 64-bit version to be the default browser.
A bug in the translation layer of the x64 version of WoW64[3][4] also renders all 32-bit applications that rely on the Windows API function GetThreadContext incompatible. Such applications include application debuggers, call stack tracers (e.g. IDEs displaying call stack) and applications that use garbage collection (GC) engines. One of the more widely used but affected[5] GC engines is the Boehm GC. It is also used as the default garbage collector of the equally popular Mono. While Mono has introduced a new (but optional) GC as of October 2010 called SGen-GC, it performs stack scanning in the same manner as Boehm GC, thus also making it incompatible under WoW64. No fix has been provided, although workarounds have been suggested.[6]
Performance[edit]
According to Microsoft, 32-bit software running under WOW64 has similar performance to executing under 32-bit Windows, but with fewer threads possible and other overheads.[7]
A 32-bit application can be given a full 4 gigabytes of virtual memory on a 64-bit system, whereas on a 32-bit system, some of this addressable memory is lost because it is used by the kernel and memory-mapped peripherals such as the display adapter.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WoW64&oldid=903153682'
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